News

Comet, a new petascale supercomputer designed to transform advanced scientific computing by expanding access and capacity among traditional as well as non-traditional research domains, will soon be taking shape at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) at the University of California, San Diego.

The result of a National Science Foundation (NSF) award currently valued at $21.6 million including hardware and operating funds, Comet will be capable of an overall peak performance of two petaflops, or two quadrillion operations per second. Comet will join SDSC’s Gordon supercomputer as another key resource within the NSF’s XSEDE (Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment) program, which comprises the most advanced collection of integrated digital resources and services in the world.

Researchers can apply for time on Comet and other resources via XSEDE. Comet’s production startup is scheduled for early 2015, to be followed by a formal launch event in the spring.

Gateway to Discovery

“Comet is really all about providing high-performance computing to a much larger research community – what we call ‘HPC for the 99 percent’ – and serving as a gateway to discovery,” said SDSC Director Michael Norman, the project’s principal investigator. “Comet has been specifically configured to meet the needs of underserved researchers in domains that have not traditionally relied on supercomputers to help solve problems, as opposed to the way such systems have historically been used.”

Comet was designed to provide a solution for the emerging research requirements often referred to as the ‘long tail’ of science, which describes the idea that the large number of modest-sized computationally-based research projects still represents, in aggregate, a tremendous amount of research and resulting scientific impact and advance.

“For example, in 2012, 99 percent of jobs run on NSF’s HPC resources used less than 2,048 cores and those jobs consumed more than half of all core-hours,” said Norman. “So one of our key strategies for Comet has been to support modest-scale users across the entire spectrum of NSF communities, while also welcoming those research communities that are not typically users of more traditional HPC systems, such as genomics, the social sciences, and economics.”

Build-out Begins

Comet will be the successor to SDSC’s Trestles computer cluster, to be decommissioned when Comet comes online.

“Think of Comet as our Trestles cluster on steroids,” said SDSC Deputy Director Richard Moore, a co-PI of the Comet project. “It will have all of the features that made Trestles popular with users, but with significantly more capacity to appeal to a broader base of researchers, while providing ease-of-access and minimal wait times.”

Comet will be a Dell-integrated cluster using Intel’s Xeon^® Processor E5-2600 v3 family, with two processors per node and 12 cores per processor running at 2.5GHz. Each compute node will have 128 GB (gigabytes) of traditional DRAM, and 320 GB of local flash memory. Since Comet is designed to optimize capacity for modest-scale jobs, each rack of 72 nodes (1,728 cores) will have a full bisection InfiniBand FDR interconnect from Mellanox, with a 4:1 over-subscription across the racks. There will be a total of 27 racks of these compute nodes, totaling 1,944 nodes or 46,656 cores.

In addition, Comet will include four large-memory nodes, each with four processors and 1.5 TB of memory, as well as 36 GPU nodes, each with four NVIDIA GPUs (graphic processing units).  The GPU and large-memory nodes will target specific applications such as visualizations, molecular dynamics simulations, or de novo genome assembly.

Comet users will also have access to 7.6 PB (petabytes) of Lustre-based high-performance storage, with 200 GBps bandwidth to the cluster.  It is based on an evolution of SDSC’s Data Oasis storage system, with Aeon Computing as the primary storage vendor. The system will feature a new 100 Gbps (Gigabit per second) connectivity to Internet2 and ESNet, allowing users to rapidly move data to SDSC for analysis and data sharing, and to return data to their institutions for local use.

‘Secret Sauce’

By the summer of 2015, Comet will be the first XSEDE production system to support high-performance virtualization at the multi-node cluster level. Comet’s use of Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) means researchers can use their own software environment, as they do with cloud computing, but can achieve the high performance they expect from a supercomputer.

“We are pioneering the area of virtualized clusters, specifically with SR-IOV,” said Philip Papadopoulos, SDSC’s chief technical officer. “This will allow virtual sub-clusters to run applications over InfiniBand at near-native speeds, representing a huge step forward in HPC virtualization. In fact the new ‘secret sauce’ in Comet is virtualization for customized software stacks, which will lower the entry barrier for a wide range of researchers.”

“The variety of hardware and support for complex, customized software environments will be of particular benefit to Science Gateway developers,” said Nancy Wilkins-Diehr, co-PI of the XSEDE program and SDSC’s associate director. “We now have more than 30 such Science Gateways running on XSEDE, each designed to address the computational needs of a particular community such as computational chemistry, atmospheric science or the social sciences.”

SDSC team members plan to work closely with communities and enable them to develop the customized software stacks that meet their needs by defining virtual clusters. With significant advances in SR-IOV, virtual clusters will be able to attain near native hardware performance in both latency and bandwidth, making them suitable for MPI-style parallel computing.

SDSC’s Comet program is funded under NSF grant number ACI 1341698. Other SDSC staff includes Distinguished Scientist Wayne Pfeiffer, in addition to Diane Baxter, Amit Majumdar, Mahidhar Tatineni, and Robert Sinkovits, and Rick Wagner. Geoffrey Fox, Distinguished Professor of Computer Science and Informatics at Indiana University and PI of the NSF’s FutureGrid project, is a strategic partner in the project.

About SDSC
As an Organized Research Unit of UC San Diego, SDSC is considered a leader in data-intensive computing and cyberinfrastructure, providing resources, services, and expertise to the national research community, including industry and academia. Cyberinfrastructure refers to an accessible, integrated network of computer-based resources and expertise, focused on accelerating scientific inquiry and discovery. SDSC supports hundreds of multidisciplinary programs spanning a wide variety of domains, from earth sciences and biology to astrophysics, bioinformatics, and health IT. SDSC is a partner in XSEDE (Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment), the most advanced collection of integrated digital resources and services in the world.

Media Contacts:
Jan Zverina, SDSC Communications
858 534-5111 or jzverina@sdsc.edu

Warren R. Froelich, SDSC Communications
858 822-3622 or froelich@sdsc.edu